raycaster

Note: This documentation is for the old 0.4.0 version of A-Frame. Check out the documentation for the current 1.6.0 version

The raycaster component does general intersection testing with a raycaster. Raycasting is the method of extending a line from an origin towards a direction, and checking whether that line intersects with other entites. The raycaster component is a wrapper on top of the three.js raycaster. It checks for intersections at a certain interval against a list of objects, and will emit events on the entity when it detects intersections or clearing of intersections (i.e., when the raycaster is no longer intersecting an entity).

The cursor component builds on top of the raycaster component.

Example

<a-entity id="player" collider-check>
  <a-entity raycaster="objects: .collidable" position="0 -0.9 0" rotation="90 0 0"></a-entity>
</a-entity>
<a-entity class="collidable" geometry="primitive: box" position="1 0 0"></a-entity>

AFRAME.registerComponent('collider-check', {
  dependencies: ['raycaster'],

  init: function () {
    this.el.addEventListener('raycaster-intersected', function () {
      console.log('Player hit something!');
    });
  }
});

Properties

Property	Description	Default Value
far	Maximum distance under which resulting entities are returned. Cannot be lower then `near`.	Infinity
interval	Number of milliseconds to wait in between each intersection test. Lower number is better for faster updates. Higher number is better for performance.	100
near	Minimum distance over which resuilting entities are returned. Cannot be lower than 0.	0
objects	Query selector to pick which objects to test for intersection. If not specified, all entities will be tested.	null
recursive	Checks all children of objects if set. Else only checks intersections with root objects.	true

Events

The raycaster component is useful because of the events it emits on entities. It will emit events on both the raycasting entity and the intersected entities.

Event Name	Description
raycaster-intersected	Emitted on the intersected entity. Entity is intersecting with a raycaster. Event detail will contain `el`, the raycasting entity, and `intersection`, an object containing detailed data about the intersection.
raycaster-intersected-cleared	Emitted on the intersected entity. Entity is no longer intersecting with a raycaster. Event detail will contain `el`, the raycasting entity.
raycaster-intersection	Emitted on the raycasting entity. Raycaster is intersecting with one or more entities. Event detail will contain `els`, an array with the intersected entities, and `intersections`, an array of objects containing detailed data about the intersections.
raycaster-intersection-cleared	Emitted on the raycasting entity. Raycaster is no longer intersecting with an entity. Event detail will contain `el`, the formerly intersected entity.

Members

Member	Description
intersectedEls	Entities currently intersecting the raycaster.
objects	three.js objects to test for intersections. Will be `scene.children` if not `objects` property is not specified.
raycaster	three.js raycaster object.

Methods

Method	Description
refreshObjects	Refreshes the list of objects based off of the `objects` property to test for intersection.

Setting the Origin and Direction of the Raycaster

The raycaster has an origin, where its ray starts, and a direction, where the ray goes.

The origin of the raycaster is at the raycaster entity’s position. We can change the origin of the raycaster by setting the position component of the raycaster entity (or parent entities of the raycaster entity).

The direction of the raycaster is in “front” of the raycaster entity (i.e., 0 0 -1, on the negative Z-axis). We can change the direction of the raycaster by setting the rotation component of the raycaster entity (or parent entities of the raycaster entity).

For example, here is applying a raycaster along the length of a rotated bullet:

<!-- Bullet, rotated to be parallel with the ground. -->
<a-entity id="bullet" geometry="primitive: cylinder; height: 0.1" rotation="-90 0 0">
  <!-- Raycaster, targets enemies, made to be as long as the bullet, positioned to the start of the bullet, rotated to align with the bullet. -->
  <a-entity raycaster="objects: .enemies; far: 0.1" position="0 -0.5 0" rotation="90 0 0"></a-entity>
</a-entity>

Whitelisting Entities to Test for Intersection

We usually don’t want to test everything in the scene for intersections (e.g., for collisions or for clicks). Selective intersections are good for performance to limit the number of entities to test for intersection since intersection testing is an operation that will run over 60 times per second.

To select or pick the entities we want to test for intersection, we can use the objects property. If this property is not defined, then the raycaster will test every object in the scene for intersection. objects takes a query selector value:

<a-entity raycaster="objects: .clickable" cursor></a-entity>
<a-entity class="clickable" geometry="primitive: box" position="1 0 0"></a-entity>
<a-entity class="not-clickable" geometry="primitive: sphere" position="-1 0 0"></a-entity>